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Strictly speaking, tolls are not a modern invention. Tolling is, in fact, an ancient tradition, with its origins rooted in history. Tolling has served numerous and wide-ranging purposes across the ages. While initially providing right of way, tolls were later used to finance the building and maintenance of infrastructure, before becoming a means of internalising external costs and managing demand. Nowadays, two main arguments are put forward for the introduction of tolls: to meet funding requirements and to respond to society’s desire for efficient use of infrastructure. However, as this Round Table shows, tolls are not a universal panacea and the introduction of road tolls is a politically delicate issue. The Round Table provides a broad view of both the theoretical aspects of tolling and the practical problems posed by its introduction. It takes a scientific look at what is a burning issue, at a time when a number of countries are envisaging the widespread adoption of electronic tolls.
ECMT. --- tolls. --- transport economics. --- Toll roads --- Roads --- Economic aspects --- Highways --- Roadways --- Thoroughfares --- Transportation --- Highway engineering --- Pavements --- Roads, Toll --- Turnpike roads --- Tolls --- Electronic Road Pricing System --- Express highways
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Road freight transport for own account represents a major share of inland transport in Europe and, depending on the country concerned, accounts for two to five times the tonnage carried by rail. Despite its importance, however, own account transport tends to be overlooked since it is not regarded as a logistics activity, whereas it is, in fact, a vital transport function that is changing radically as firms increasingly outsource their distribution activities to commercial hauliers. The scale of road freight transport for own account, the impact of regulatory changes and the future of the sector are the themes addressed in the introductory reports and the experts’ discussions outlined in this publication.
ECMT. --- Freight and freightage -- Europe -- Congresses. --- road freight transport. --- transport economics. --- Transportation -- Europe -- Congresses. --- Transportation and state -- Europe -- Congresses. --- Freight and freightage --- Transportation --- Transportation and state --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Affreightment --- Cargo --- Freight handling --- Freight --- Freight transportation --- Freightage --- Materials handling
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656.1 --- Road transport --- 656.1 Road transport --- Traffic safety --- Automobile driving --- Highway safety --- Road safety --- Traffic accidents --- Public safety --- Traffic engineering --- Transportation, Automotive --- Automobiles --- Safety measures --- Prevention --- Collision avoidance systems --- European Conference of Ministers of Transport. --- European conference of ministers of transport --- ECMT.
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Traffic accidents --- Traffic safety --- Accidents de la route --- Sécurité routière --- European Conference of Ministers of Transport --- 656.1 --- -351.811 --- 351.811 --- 12.04.b --- Automobile driving --- Highway safety --- Road safety --- Public safety --- Traffic engineering --- Transportation, Automotive --- Automobiles --- Road transport --- Verkeersvoorschriften, onderhoudsvoorschriften betreffende straten, wegen, bruggen. Reglementering en toezicht i.v.m. bruggen, wegen, verlichting. Controle op het wegverkeer. Wegcode--zie ook {?625-7/.8}; {?656-1/.5} --- Preventie ; Verkeersongevallen --- Safety measures --- Prevention --- Collision avoidance systems --- Conférence européenne des ministres des transports --- Eurōpaïkē Diaskepsis tōn Hypourgōn tōn Metaphorōn --- EDYM --- CEMT --- Europäische Konferenz der Verkehrsminister --- E.C.M.T. --- E.D.Y.M. --- C.E.M.T. --- ECMT --- Europäische Verkehrsminister-Konferenz --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. --- International Transport Forum --- 351.811 Verkeersvoorschriften, onderhoudsvoorschriften betreffende straten, wegen, bruggen. Reglementering en toezicht i.v.m. bruggen, wegen, verlichting. Controle op het wegverkeer. Wegcode--zie ook {?625-7/.8}; {?656-1/.5} --- 656.1 Road transport --- European Conference of Ministers of Transport. --- European conference of ministers of transport --- ECMT. --- Sécurité routière
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